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1.
Rev. Hosp. Niños B.Aires ; 62(278): 136-143, 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1344050

ABSTRACT

Actualmente, la transmisión transplacentaria es la vía más frecuente de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi. El diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de hijos infectados evita el riesgo de desarrollar miocardiopatía y las niñas dejan de ser potenciales fuentes de transmisión congénita. En este estudio se evaluó el seguimiento de hijos de mujeres infectadas por T. cruzi en Centros de Salud de la provincia de Santa Fe. Se estudiaron 19 madres y sus 51 hijos. 45% (23/51) de los hijos no habían sido estudiados previamente, y de éstos 21/23 resultaron negativos mientras que dos niñas de 3 y 7 años estaban infectadas. Los 28 niños restantes ya habían sido estudiados en los Centros de Salud, siendo positivas dos gemelas de 22 meses y una niña de 9 años; los otros 25/28 hijos no estaban infectados. Un 47% (9/19) de las madres tenían como único antecedente la serología materna positiva, y de las 4 mujeres que transmitieron la infección, tres pertenecían a este grupo. La edad promedio de diagnóstico fue: 20±6 años en las madres y 7,4±6,7 años en los hijos. Se requieren estrategias sanitarias que favorezcan el estudio para la infección por T. cruzi en mujeres antes del embarazo y el seguimiento de todos los hijos para no perder la oportunidad de tratamiento


Transplacental transmission is currently the most frequent route of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Early diagnosis and treatment of infected children avoids the risk of developing cardiomyopathy, and girls are no longer potential sources of congenital transmission. This study evaluated the follow-up of children of women infected with T. cruzi in Primary Care Centres of the province of Santa Fe. Nineteen mothers and their 51 children were studied. Among the 51 children, 23 had no previous diagnosis (45%). Of these, 21 were negative while 2 girls, ages 3 and 7, were infected. The remaining 28 children already had a diagnosis at the Health Centres, with 2 twins of 22 months and a 9-year-old girl who were positive; the other 25 children were not infected. Among the 19 mothers, 9 (47%) had the positive maternal serology as the only antecedent. Of the 4 women who transmitted the infection, 3 belonged to this group. The average age of diagnosis was: 20 ± 6 years in mothers and 7.4 ± 6.7 years in children. Health strategies are required to promote the detection of infected women before pregnancy and the monitoring of all children so as not to miss the opportunity for treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Primary Health Care , Chagas Disease/congenital , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Chagas Disease/blood , Maternal-Fetal Exchange
2.
Buenos Aires; GCBA. Gerencia Operativa de Epidemiología; 15 nov. 2019. a) f: 13 l:18 p. graf.(Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 4, 169).
Monography in Spanish | UNISALUD, BINACIS, InstitutionalDB, LILACS | ID: biblio-1102775

ABSTRACT

Hasta la Semana Epidemiológica 36 de 2018 se notificaron en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires 104 casos de Chagas congénito, de los cuales se confirmaron 6 (5,8%), se descartaron 6 y el 88% restante aún no cuenta con el cierre de caso. Las comunas del sur de la Ciudad acumulan el 56% de los casos. Durante el primer semestre de 2018 se diagnosticaron en la Maternidad Sardá 67 mujeres con Chagas en el embarazo, de un total de 2972 partos realizados en la institución en ese periodo, lo que representa una prevalencia de 22,54 por cada mil embarazadas En este informe se busca describir la situación de la transmisión vertical de la enfermedad de Chagas en el primer semestre de 2018, entre SE 1 y 26; describir la modalidad de notificación de los casos por la Unidad de Promoción y Protección de la Salud (P y P); y reforzar la importancia de la notificación de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria debido a su relevancia en la Salud Pública. Se presentan los casos de Chagas en embarazo por grupo etario, y según provincia de residencia, y se detallan propuestas para la optimización de resultados.


Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/transmission , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Disease Notification/methods , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Maternity
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(2): 81-89, abr. 2019. graf, map, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002612

ABSTRACT

En Argentina nacen alrededor de 1500 niños por año con infección por Trypanosoma cruzi. La transmisión vertical es la principal vía de generación de nuevos casos de Chagas, y de su presencia en zonas no endémicas. Nuestro objetivo fue relevar datos disponibles sobre infección congénita por T. cruzi, analizar su evolución y relación con indicadores de prevalencia materna y riesgo vectorial por regiones de Argentina. Se investigaron fuentes oficiales y bibliografía científica. Se obtuvieron datos nacionales y provinciales del período 1997-2014 del subsector público de salud. Se observó un aumento de embarazadas controladas, que alcanzó una cobertura del 60.3% en 2014. La prevalencia de infección materna descendió de 9.0% a 2.6%. El control en hijos de mujeres infectadas fue variable (entre 23.3% y 93.6% de los niños en riesgo) y la calidad del dato fue deficiente según provincia y año. La tasa de transmisión congénita tuvo una evolución irregular y, según un indicador corregido, la tasa media nacional fluctuó entre 1.9 y 8.2%. Se observó asociación entre la prevalencia materna y el riesgo vectorial en las provincias (test Wilcoxon p = 0.017). La tasa de transmisión congénita provincial no mostró relación con la tasa de infección materna (regresión lineal p = 0.686) ni con el nivel de riesgo vectorial (test Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.3154). Los datos disponibles muestran una deficiencia en los controles de hijos de madres infectadas y de su notificación en el período analizado. Deben mejorar ambos aspectos para obtener información epidemiológica fiable y permitir el acceso oportuno de los niños infectados al tratamiento.


In Argentina, around 1500 children are born each year with Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Mother-to-child transmission is the main source of new cases of Chagas disease and of its occurrence in non-endemic areas. Our objective was to survey the information available on congenital T. cruzi infection, to analyze its evolution and its relation with the index of maternal infection and the risk for vector-borne infection by province of Argentina. Data concerning the public health sector for the period 1997-2014 were retrieved from national and local records. An increase in the number and proportion of pregnant women examined for Chagas was observed, reaching 60.3% coverage in 2014. The prevalence of maternal infection dropped from 9.0% to 2.6%. The control of newborns from infected women was highly variable (23.3%-93.6%), and data quality was deficient, varying amply by province and year. The rate of congenital infection had an irregular evolution and its national average fluctuated between 1.9 and 8.2%. An association was observed between the risk for vector-borne infection and the prevalence of maternal infection by province (Wilcoxon test p = 0.017). The rate of congenital transmission by province was neither associated with the rate of maternal infection (linear regression p = 0.686) nor with the risk for vectorial infection (Kruskal-Wallis test p = 0.3154). The available data show insufficient control of children born from infected mothers, as well as deficient recording of these procedures. Both aspects must be improved to achieve better epidemiological information and to enable timely access of infected children to treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Chagas Disease/transmission , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Argentina/epidemiology , Time Factors , Linear Models , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Chagas Disease/congenital , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180069, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041527

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease (CD), a neglected endemic disease in Latin America, has acquired new epidemiological characteristics with an increase in the importance of alternative transmission routes such as congenital transmission. We evaluated the scientific research on this subject. METHODS: We searched the Scielo, BVS, and PubMed databases from 2006 to 2017. RESULTS: We identified a small number of published articles, mostly in journals with an impact factor less than 3.0. Studies on human congenital transmission of CD were carried out in only seven different countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlight the lack of research on congenital CD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Publications/statistics & numerical data , Chagas Disease/congenital , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Bibliometrics , Journal Impact Factor
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20180106, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041526

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Haemagogus capricornii and Hg. janthinomys females are considered morphologically indistinguishable. We analyzed morphometric variability between Brazilian populations of these species using wing geometric morphometry. METHODS: Size and shape at intra- and interspecific levels were analyzed in 108 Hg. capricornii and Hg. janthinomys females. RESULTS: Geometric morphometry indicated size and shape variables can differentiate these species at interspecific level. However, at intraspecific level, results show relative differentiation. Two populations of Hg. capricornii had a smaller centroid size with no significant differences between them, whereas all Hg. janthinomys populations showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Both species were correctly identified by geometric morphometry.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Publications/statistics & numerical data , Chagas Disease/congenital , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , Bibliometrics , Journal Impact Factor
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 51(3): 310-317, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957421

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease is caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, being one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Americas with an estimated six to seven million infected people worldwide. In Brazil, the improvement in vector control and blood donor screening has evidenced the important epidemiological role of congenital transmission of Chagas disease. METHODS: A serological survey for Chagas disease was performed in 3,952 newborns in the southern region of Sergipe using paper filter disks of dried blood samples. The newborns were screened using the Sergipe State Neonatal Screening Program between July 2015 and July 2016, and 3,749 and 750 blood samples were obtained for the IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay, respectively. In addition, mothers of the children who presented initial reagent serology were examined. RESULTS: Among 3,749 blood samples, samples of two children were positive for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; however, their confirmation test results were negative, suggesting passive transfer of the mother's antibody. One puerpera was identified with Chagas disease, with a prevalence of 0.02%. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital Chagas disease was not observed in newborns in the Southern region of Sergipe. However, Chagas disease was observed in women of reproductive age. Therefore, effective measurements for monitoring and systematic evaluation should be conducted. The Neonatal Screening Program proved to be an effective public health strategy for the prevention and control of Chagas disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Neonatal Screening , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
7.
Infectio ; 21(4): 255-266, oct.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-892740

ABSTRACT

Congenital transmission of Chagas disease has not been extensively studied in Colombia, and there are no standardized processes in the health system regarding the specific diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this disease. To generate recommendations on congenital Chagas disease and Chagas in women of childbearing age in Colombia, a consensus of experts was developed. An extensive literature search through the Medline database was carried out using the MeSH terms: «Chagas disease/congenital¼, «prevention and control¼, «diagnosis¼, «therapeutics¼ and «pregnancy¼. Appropriate abstracts were selected and the full texts were analyzed. The relevant information was synthesized, classified, and organized into tables and figures and was presented to a panel of experts, which was composed of 30 professionals from various fields. Based on the Delphi methodology, three rounds of consultation were conducted. The first and second rounds were based on electronic questionnaires that measured the level of consensus of each question among the participants. The third round was based on a face-to-face discussion focusing on those questions without consensus in the previous consultations. The evidence was adapted to national circumstances on a case-by-case basis, and the content the final document was approved. These recommendations are proposed for use in routine medical practice by health professionals in Colombia.


La transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas ha sido poco estudiada en Colombia y existen pocos procedimientos rutinarios en el sistema de salud para el manejo de esta enfermedad. Por ello se desarrolló un consenso de expertos dirigido a generar recomendaciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento de Chagas con- génito y orientación a mujeres en edad fértil. Con ese propósito se realizó una búsqueda extensiva de la literatura, empleando una combinación de términos Mes (Chagas, Chagas congénito, prevención, control, diagnóstico, tratamiento y embarazo) para reflejar el estado del arte en cada tema de interés. Después de ello, se leyeron los resúmenes y aquellos seleccionados para análisis del texto completo. La literatura relevante se sintetizo, clasifico y organizo en tablas y se presentó al panel de expertos, el cual estaba constituido por 30 profesionales en diferentes áreas. Mediante la metodología Delphi se realizaron 2 rondas de cuestionarios virtuales y una reunión presencial en los cuales se evaluaron los niveles de acuerdo entre los participantes. Los puntos con falta de consenso durante las 2 rondas virtuales se expusieron durante las mesas de discusión en la ronda presencial. La evidencia utilizada se adaptó a las particularidades nacionales según el caso y se aprobó el contenido del documento final. Se propone que estas recomendaciones sean usadas por profesionales de la salud en Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Chagas Disease/congenital , Consensus , Orientation/physiology , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Colombia
9.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(2): 191-216, abr. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784870

ABSTRACT

There is a lot of bacterial, viral or parasite infections who are able to be transmitted vertically from the mother to the fetus or newborn which implicates an enormous risk for it. The TORCH acronym is used universally to refer to a fetus or newborn which presents clinical features compatible with a vertically acquired infection and allows a rational diagnostic and therapeutic approach. The traditional "TORCH test" is nowadays considered not appropriate and it has been replaced for specific test for specific pathogens under well defined circumstances. The present document reviews the general characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic options for the most frequently involved pathogens in the fetus or newborn with TORCH suspicion.


Existen numerosas infecciones bacterianas, virales y parasitarias que pueden transmitirse desde la madre al feto o recién nacido (RN) y que significan un riesgo para él. El acrónimo TORCH se utiliza en forma universal para caracterizar a aquel feto o RN que presenta un cuadro clínico compatible con una infección congénita y que permite un enfrentamiento racional, tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. El concepto tradicional de realizar un "test de TORCH" sin consideraciones específicas a cada paciente, hoy en día se considera no adecuado y ha sido reemplazado por exámenes específicos para patógenos específicos bajo circunstancias bien definidas. El presente documento revisa las características generales, epidemiológicas, patogénicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los patógenos más frecuentemente involucrados en el estudio de pacientes con sospecha de TORCH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/parasitology , Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Diagnosis , Rubella/congenital , Rubella/diagnosis , Rubella/therapy , Syndrome , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/therapy , Risk Factors , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/therapy , Fetus , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/therapy
10.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(3): 369-376, 05/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745967

ABSTRACT

Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi during pregnancy is estimated to occur in less than 20% of infected mothers; however, the etiopathogenesis is not completely understood. The Centre for Studies on Chagas Disease provides confirmation of T. cruzi infection for individuals living in central Brazil. In this retrospective hospital-based study, all requests for diagnosis of T. cruzi infection in individuals less than 21 years old from 1994-2014 were searched. We end with 1,211 individuals and their respective infected mothers. Congenital transmission of infection was confirmed in 24 individuals (2%) in central Brazil, an area where the main T. cruzi lineage circulating in humans is TcII. This low prevalence of congenital Chagas disease is discussed in relation to recent findings in the south region of Brazil, where TcV is the main lineage and congenital transmission has a higher prevalence (approximately 5%), similar to frequencies reported in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. This is the first report to show geographical differences in the rates of congenital transmission of T. cruzi and the relationship between the prevalence of congenital transmission and the type of Tc prevalent in each region.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Trypanosoma cruzi , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence
11.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(3): 363-368, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745971

ABSTRACT

Congenital infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is a global problem, occurring on average in 5% of children born from chronically infected mothers in endemic areas, with variations depending on the region. This presentation aims to focus on and update epidemiological data, research methods, involved factors, control strategy and possible prevention of congenital infection with T. cruzi. Considering that etiological treatment of the child is always effective if performed before one year of age, the diagnosis of infection in pregnant women and their newborns has to become the standard of care and integrated into the surveillance programs of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus. In addition to the standard tests, polymerase chain reaction performed on blood of neonates of infected mothers one month after birth might improve the diagnosis of congenital infection. Recent data bring out that its transmission can be prevented through treatment of infected women before they become pregnant. The role of parasite genotypes and host genetic factors in parasite transmission and development of infection in foetuses/neonates has to be more investigated in order to better estimate the risk factors and impact on health of congenital infection with T. cruzi.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Genotype , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi
12.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 79 p. mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-772828

ABSTRACT

A partir del éxito relativo del control de la transmisión vectorial y transfusional, el chagas congénito se ha establecido como un problema de salud pública, siendo una importante vía de transmisión en zonas endémicas y no endémicas de la Argentina. Se estima que el 5 por ciento de los hijos de madres positivas nacen con la infección. Hasta el momento no existe manera de prevenir la transmisión congénita de Chagas. El tratamiento en la embarazada está contraindicado, pero es efectivo y bien tolerado en niños y bebés en la fase aguda de la infección, con tasas de curación cercanas al 100 por ciento. Por ese motivo es de vital importancia garantizar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de todos los niños con riesgo de transmisión congénita. Con este objetivo, la Argentina ha adoptado el tamizaje prenatal para Chagas de todas las embarazadas y la notificación obligatoria a través del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de la Salud (SNVS) de todas las embarazadas con Chagas y de todos los niños hijos de madre positiva, para posibilitar las acciones de seguimiento. Otro sistema que recopila información sobre las embarazadas con Chagas es el Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el subregistro de notificación de Chagas congénito en la Argentina, durante 2012, a través de métodos de captura y recaptura (MCR), a nivel nacional y regional. Para ello se utilizaron tres fuentes de datos: dos de ella provenientes del módulo de Vigilancia por laboratorio (SIVILA) del SNVS, la base de notificación de embarazadas positivas para Chagas y la base de recién nacidos de madres con Chagas y la tercera correspondiente a las mujeres con Chagas notificadas al SIP. Se realizó el relacionamiento probabilístico de los datos y luego se aplicaron MCR basados en el enfoque de cobertura de la muestra para la estimación del número de recién nacidos con riesgo de transmisión vertical (TV) de Chagas...


Since the relative success of vector control and transfusional transmission, congenital Chagashas became a concerning public health problem, and is an important route of transmission inendemic and non-endemic areas of Argentina. It is estimated that 5 percent of newbons frominfected mothers are born infected. So far there is no way to prevent congenital transmissionof Chagas. The treatment is contraindicated in pregnant women, but it is effective and welltolerated in the acute phase of infection in children and infants, with cure rates approaching100 percent. Therefore it is very important to ensure the diagnosis and treatment of all children atrisk of congenital transmission. With this objective, Argentina has adopted the antenatal screening for Chagas of all pregnant women and mandatory report through the National System of Health Surveillance (SNVS) of all pregnant women with Chagas and all newbornsfrom positive mothers, to enable monitoring actions. Another system collecting informationon pregnant women with Chagas is the Perinatal Information System (SIP).The aim of this study was to analyze the under-reporting of congenital Chagas disease inArgentina, in 2012, by capture-recapture methods (MCR), at national and regional level. Thedata source were three lists: two from the laboratory monitoring module (SIVILA) of SNVS (reports of positive pregnant women and reports newborns from positive mothers) and thethird corresponding to positive pregnant women reported to SIP. The probabilistic linkaje ofthe data was performed and then MCR based on sample coverage approach were applied, inorder to estimate the number of infants at risk of vertical transmission (TV) Chagas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/therapy , Chagas Disease/transmission , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Argentina/epidemiology , Information Systems , Public Health Surveillance
13.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 34(4): 631-641, oct.-dic. 2014. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-730947

ABSTRACT

Durante la última década se han reportado numerosos casos de infección por Trypanosoma cruzi por vía oral, debidos a la contaminación de alimentos con heces de triatominos silvestres o con secreciones de reservorios en áreas donde los vectores domiciliados han sido controlados o no hay antecedentes de domiciliación. Con base en criterios epidemiológicos, clínicos y socioeconómicos, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establecieron una clasificación de los parásitos transmitidos por contaminación de alimentos en diferentes regiones del mundo, en la cual T. cruzi ocupó el décimo lugar de importancia en un grupo de 24 parásitos. Los cambios ambientales, como la deforestación y el calentamiento global, han afectado los ecotopos y el comportamiento de los vectores y de los reservorios de T. cruzi , de manera que estos se han desplazado a nuevas zonas, generando una nueva forma de transmisión por contaminación de alimentos que requiere su evaluación en el país. La presente revisión aborda la transmisión oral de la enfermedad de Chagas con énfasis en los estudios orientados a identificar los factores de riesgo, las especies de triatominos involucrados, la fisiopatología de la infección oral y los genotipos del parásito que están implicados en esta forma de transmisión en Colombia y en otras regiones de América Latina, así como la necesidad de adoptar políticas para su control y vigilancia epidemiológica.


Many cases of infection caused by the oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi have been reported during the last decade. These have been due to the contamination of food by faeces from sylvatic triatomines or by leakage from reservoirs in areas where domiciliated vectors have been controlled or where there has been no prior background of domiciliation. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have used epidemiological, clinical and socioeconomic criteria for ranking parasites transmitted by the contamination of food in different areas of the world; T. cruzi was placed tenth in importance amongst a group of 24 parasites in such ranking. Environmental changes such as deforestation and global warming have affected ecotopes and the behaviour of T. cruzi vectors and reservoirs so that these have become displaced to new areas, thereby leading to such new transmission scenario caused by the contamination of food, which requires evaluation in Colombia. The current review deals with the oral transmission of Chagas´ disease, emphasising studies aimed at identifying the pertinent risk factors, the triatomine species involved, the physiopathology of oral infection, the parasite´s genotypes implicated in this type of transmission in Colombia and other Latin American regions, as well as the need for ongoing epidemiological surveillance and control policies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chagas Disease/transmission , Food Parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Fruit/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Meat/parasitology , Rhodnius/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification , Vegetables/parasitology , Animals, Wild/parasitology , Armadillos/parasitology , Blood Donors , Beverages/parasitology , Blood Transfusion/adverse effects , Colombia , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/parasitology , Disease Reservoirs/parasitology , Genotype , Gastric Mucosa/parasitology , Housing , Mouth Mucosa/parasitology , Parasitemia/parasitology , Parasitemia/transmission , Peptide Hydrolases/physiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology , Protozoan Proteins/chemistry , Protozoan Proteins/physiology , Risk Factors , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Trypanosoma cruzi/pathogenicity , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology , Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/chemistry , Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/physiology
14.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(3): 397-400, May-Jun/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716410

ABSTRACT

This report describes the case of a patient with acute Chagas disease in Tocantins, Brazil, who was unaware of her pregnancy during benznidazole treatment. She presented with impaired cardiac function during the acute phase (pericarditis and incomplete right bundle-branch block) that resolved favorably after benznidazole therapy. Serological results also became negative, as determined by hemagglutination assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence assays. The child was born without sequelae and showed no evidence of congenital Trypanosoma cruzi infection at birth or 24 days later.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Nitroimidazoles/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy , Trypanocidal Agents/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Chagas Disease/congenital
15.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 111(3): e78-e81, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-694636

ABSTRACT

El compromiso ocular es una forma de presentación infrecuente en los niños con la enfermedad de Chagas congénita. Se presentan tres pacientes menores de dos meses de edad con compromiso ocular, todos ellos derivados al hospital para control oftalmológico por prematuridad. El diagnóstico oftalmológico fue de vitreítis bilateral intensa (uveítis posterior) asociada a enfermedad de Chagas. Se realizó tratamiento antiparasitario, con buena respuesta en los tres casos. Debe considerarse la enfermedad de Chagas como diagnóstico diferencial de una patología ocular en los lugares donde la enfermedad es endémica y solicitar una evaluación oftalmológica en los niños con diagnóstico de la enfermedad, en especial aquellos sintomáticos y con antecedente de prematuridad.


Ophthalmic compromise is infrequent in children with congenital Chagas disease. We present 3 patients under 2 months of age, with ocular involvement, all of them referred to the hospital for ophthalmic evaluation of the premature newborn. The ophthalmic finding was bilateral severe vitreitis (posterior uveitis) related to Chagas disease. They received antiparasitic therapy with a good outcome in all cases. Chagas disease must be considered as differential diagnosis of ocular pathology in those countries where the pathology is endemic, and fundoscopic evaluation must be done in those children with the diagnosis, especially those symptomatic and prematurely born.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Chagas Disease/complications , Chagas Disease/congenital , Diseases in Twins/complications , Diseases in Twins/congenital , Uveitis/parasitology , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Diseases in Twins/diagnosis , Diseases in Twins/drug therapy , Uveitis/diagnosis , Uveitis/drug therapy
16.
s.l; Chile. Ministerio de Salud; ene. 2013. 25 p. [{"_e": "", "_c": "", "_b": "tab", "_a": ""}, {"_e": "", "_c": "", "_b": "graf", "_a": ""}].
Non-conventional in Spanish | BRISA, LILACS | ID: biblio-833613

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: levara cabo una evaluación económica (EE) para explorar la relación costo-efectividad de una política nacional de screening a mujeres embarazadasy a los recién nacidos de madres positivas a esta enfermedad. Esta estrategiava acompañada del tratamiento actualmente disponible en el país, tanto para la mujer después del período de lactancia materna como para el niño con el medicamento Nifurtimox - Bayer. Metodología: se realiza un análisis comparativo de los costos y de los beneficios outcomes en salud de dos o más intervenciones sanitarias, obtenién dose una valoración por unidad extrade salud al pasar de una estrategia a otra. En este estudio y en consecuencia con los lineamientos para la EE propuestos en la Guía Metodológica, la perspectiva del análisis es la del sector público del sistema de salud. Resultados: Dentro de las posibles debilidades del estudio está el hecho que no se consideró costos ni pérdida de calidad de vida a causa de los efectos adversos del tratamiento con Nifurtimox, tema que está bien establecido en la literatura. Esto se debió la imposibilidad de contar con datos que permitieran cuantificar los costos adicionales para el sistema de salud como así mismo,el impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes tratados. Sin embargo, la amplia sensibilización de parámetros de costos realizada nos permite establecer que su potencial inclusión, hubiera tenido una probabilidad baja de afectar los resultados. Con todo esto en cuenta, se espera que el presente estudio contribuya con información sistematizadade la enfermedad de Chagas, con datos inéditos en el ámbito del costo asociado a la atención de pacientes crónicos y con información de eficiencia costo-efectividad que permitan informar las decisiones acerca de la aplicación del screeninga mujeres embarazadas en nuestro país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/therapy , Chagas Disease/transmission , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic , Health Evaluation , Cost-Benefit Analysis
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 11(1)jan.-mar. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-668518

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença de Chagas é uma infecção parasitária, endêmica, em várias regiões do Brasil. Nas últimas décadas, a via de transmissão predominante foi modificada de vetorial para congênita, devido ao êxodo rural e aos métodos mais eficazes de combate aos vetores. Alguns pacientes jovens apresentam manifestações crônicas e intensas, consequentes da transmissão congênita. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de uma paciente com doença de Chagas de transmissão vertical com manifestações variadas da doença. Ressalta-se a importância de se conhecer diversas formas de transmissão e, ademais, enfatiza-se a importância de realizar adequado pré-natal em áreas endêmicas para possível diagnóstico, tratamento precoce e acompanhamento clínico. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 20 anos, solteira, apresentando há 8 meses dispneia aos mínimos esforços, precordialgia, epigastralgia e tosse seca, evoluindo com disfagia, confirmando-se o diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca com exames complementares. A investigação prosseguiu com provas sorológicas, eletrocardiograma, radiografia do coração e vasos da base (RCVB), Ecodopplercardiograma, confirmando-se: IgG positivo para Chagas em dois testes sorológicos (hemaglutinação indireta e imunofluorescência para T. Cruzi), alterações eletrocardiográficas difusas, megaesôfago grau II, cardiomegalia grau III. Foi realizado tratamento etiológico com benzonidazol (Rochagan®) para doença de Chagas crônica de início recente. Apesar da dificuldade na obtenção dos exames complementares,objetivando maior acurácia no diagnóstico e melhor acompanhamento do tratamento, concluiu-se que era um caso de doença de Chagas congênita, uma vez que a história familiar era positiva e a paciente não teve contato com triatomídeos (morou sempre na área urbana) e a transmissão vetorial está diminuindo devido às campanhas de erradicação dos vetores...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chagas disease is a parasitic infection, endemic in several regions of Brazil. In recent decades the predominant route of transmission changed from vectorial to congenital, due to rural exodus and more effective methods for fighting the vectors. Some young patients have chronic and severe manifestations due to congenital transmission. The aim of this study was to report a case of a young adult patient with Chagas disease vertical transmission, with varied clinical manifestations of the disease. The importance of knowing the various forms of transmission was emphasized and also of the importance of prenatal assistance in endemic areas for possible early diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow up. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 20 years old, single, has presented experiencing, for the previous 8 months, dyspnea on exertion, constrictive chest pain, epigastric pain, and dry cough associated with progressive dysphagia; the diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed by complementary tests. The investigation progressed with serological tests, electrocardiogram, chest teleradiograph, echodopplercardiogram, confirming: IgG positive for Chagas disease, in two different serological tests (indirect hemagglutination assay and immunofluorescence for T cruzi), diffuse electrocardiographic changes, grade II megaesophagus, grade III cardiomegaly. Etiological treatment was conducted with benzonidazol (Rochagan®) for chronic Chagas disease of recent onset. Despite the difficulty in obtaining additional tests, aiming greater accuracy in the diagnosis and better monitoring of the treatment, it was concluded that it was a case of congenital Chagas disease, since family history is positive and the patient denied having contact with triatomids (hematophagus bugs) as she has always lived in urban areas, and because vectorial transmission is declining due to campaigns for eradication of the vectors...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/therapy , Chagas Disease/transmission
18.
Invest. clín ; 53(2): 190-204, jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664576

ABSTRACT

En la infección congénita por Trypanosoma cruzi la morbilidad y mortalidad varían desde casos asintomáticos hasta severos cuadros clínicos de la enfermedad. En recién nacidos infectados por T. cruzi se ha encontrado que no existe un perfil clínico determinado, puesto que durante el desarrollo intrauterino se producen diversas alteraciones, presentándose cambios en el perfil serológico y parasitológico. Algunos factores intrínsecos del hospedador, tales como: la barrera placentaria y la capacidad tanto de la madre como del feto de desarrollar una respuesta inmune específica capaz de controlar la multiplicación parasitaria podrían estar involucrados en tales diferencias. Otra posibilidad incluye el polimorfismo genético de T. cruzi, pues se considera que las cepas de mayor virulencia pueden atravesar con mayor facilidad la placenta y son más patógenas para el feto y/o neonato.


In congenital infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, morbidity and mortality vary from asymptomatic cases to severe clinical forms of the disease. It has been found that there is no specific clinical profile in newborns infected by T. cruzi, since during intrauterine development diverse pathological changes take place, causing alterations in the serological and parasitological profiles. Some intrinsic factors of the host, such as: the placental barrier and the ability of both, mother and fetus, to develop a specific immune response to control parasite multiplication, could be involved in such differences. Another possibility includes the genetic polymorphism of T. cruzi, since it is considered that strains of greater virulence can cross the placenta more easily and are more pathogenic to the fetus and/or the neonate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/immunology , Fetal Diseases/immunology , Fetal Diseases/parasitology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
19.
Caracas; s.n; mar. 2011. 40 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-663601

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Chagas o tripanosomiasis sudamericana, es una parasitosis crónica causada por el protozoario flagelado Tripanosoma cruzi. Este agente puede ser transmitido de la madre al hijo por vía transplacentaria durante la fase aguda y/o crónica de la infección materna. Objetivo: Evaluar la seroprevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en gestantes y en niños de madres seropositivas a T. cruzi y su relación con algunos factores condicionantes en el Municipio Roscio del estado Guárico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal, estudiando la enfermedad de Chagas en gestantes y en niños (as) nacidos de madres reactivas al T. cruzi. La muestra estuvo conformado por una población representada por todas las gestantes (925) que acudieron al primer control de embarazo en la red primaria de atención, y otra, por los hijos (as) (2) nacidos de madres seropositivas a T. cruzi. Resultados: Se detectaron dos gestantes reactivas utilizando Anticuerpos IgG, obteniéndose una seroprevalencia de 0,22 por ciento. Los dos hijos nacidos de estas madres reactivas resultaron No Reactivos mediante la técnica parasitológica directa (Microhematocrito), confirmando el diagnóstico con ELISA y Hemaglutinación Indirecta.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/transmission , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Antibodies, Protozoan/pharmacology , Behavior Therapy , Epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
20.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 87 p. tab, graf, mapas.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-589565

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de Chagas constituye un serio problema sanitario y social en gran parte del continente americano, siendo una de las causas de mayor morbimortalidad en América Latina. La vía de transmisión más importante es la vectorial, pero la transmisión vertical de Trypanosoma cruzi ha ido aumentando su importancia a medida que la transmisión vectorial y transfusional han sido crecientemente controladas. (...). O presente trabajo estimó, a través de un modelo matemático determinístico, la brecha entre el número de casos esperados y el conocido de Chagas congénito para provincias de Argentina, seleccionadas según grupo de riesgo de transmisión vectorial, en el período 2002 – 2008 y se comparó con el valor hallado para el período 1994 - 2001. Para estimar estas brechas fueron definidos 2 escenarios teniendo en cuenta dos variables, una vectorial, definida por lo que estimamos mejor representaba el estado de control de las provincias y la segunda variable definida por el porcentaje de cobertura de tratamiento médico específico. Según nuestro modelo la brecha disminuyó marcadamente respecto al total para el país en 1994-2001, con una relación de 1, 9:1 y 1, 6:1 para los escenarios 1 y 2 respectivamente, versus el 6,3:1 para el país en el período anterior...


Chagas disease is a severe social and health problem in most part of the American continent, and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. Although vectorial transmission is still the most important route, vertical transmission is gaining importance as control strategies are increasingly implemented against vectorial and transfusion transmission. Vertical transmission rates vary widely between countries and geographical areas, varying from 0.7-4% in Argentina, 10.5% in Paraguay, to 21% in Bolivia. Using a mathematical model, this thesis aimed at estimating the lag between the expected and observed number of congenital Chagas cases in a six Argentinian provinces, chiosen according to their level of vector transmission. The estimation is carried out for the period 2002 – 2008 and compared to 1994-2001. For each province, scenarios were build considering different levels of vector control activity and treatment coverage. According to the model, we concluded that the sub-notification of congenital Chagas has decreased in Argentina when compared to the 1994-2001 period, with an estimated ratio of 1.9:1 and 1.6:1 in 2002 – 2008, versus 6.3:1 in 1994-2001 (the latter was taken from the literature). Moreover, we found that the sub notification was greater in provinces with high vectorial transmission than in provinces with low vectorial transmission...


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Underregistration , Argentina/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Prevalence , Vector Control of Diseases
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